First-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric,gastroesophageal junction and esophageal adenocarcinoma: CheckMate 649 Chinese subgroup analysis

First-line chemotherapy for advanced/metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC) has poor median overall survival (OS; <1 year). We report efficacy and safety results from Chinese patients in the phase III global CheckMate 649 study of nivolumab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of GC/GEJC/esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Chinese patients with previously untreated advanced or metastatic GC/GEJC/EAC were randomized to receive nivolumab (360 mg Q3W or 240 mg Q2W) plus chemotherapy (XELOX [capecitabine and oxaliplatin] Q3W or FOLFOX [oxaliplatin, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil] Q2W), nivolumab plus ipilimumab (not reported) or chemotherapy alone. OS, blinded independent central review-assessed progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR) and safety are reported. Of 1581 patients enrolled and randomized, 208 were Chinese. In these patients, nivolumab plus chemotherapy resulted in clinically meaningful improvement in median OS (14.3 vs 10.2 months; HR 0.61 [95% CI: 0.44-0.85]), median PFS (8.3 vs 5.6 months; HR 0.57 [95% CI: 0.40-0.80]), ORR (66% vs 45%) and median DOR (12.2 vs 5.6 months) vs chemotherapy, respectively. The safety profile was acceptable, with no new safety signals observed. Consistent with results from the global primary analysis of CheckMate 649, nivolumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated a clinically meaningful improvement in OS and PFS and higher response rate vs chemotherapy and an acceptable safety profile in Chinese patients. Nivolumab plus chemotherapy represents a new standard first-line treatment for Chinese patients with non-HER2-positive advanced GC/GEJC/EAC.     

RASopathies在矮小症中的研究进展

RASopathies是一组由于Ras/丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(Ras/mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路中的组分或调节因子的编码基因发生突变引起的一系列疾病。Ras/MAPK通路在调控细胞发育过程中发挥重要作用，因此RASopathies涉及疾病众多，且临床表现相互重叠，诊断难度大。其中，矮小症是RASopathies最常见的临床表现之一，但导致矮小症的机制有待进一步探索，且生长激素治疗RASopathies的效果差异较大。本文就RASopathies及其在矮小症中的研究进展作一综述。     

外伤性晶状体脱位合并周边隐匿性视网膜病变的临床特征及预后分析

目的观察分析眼球钝挫伤合并外伤性晶状体脱位患者周边隐匿性视网膜病变的临床特点及预后。 方法本研究纳入2013年1月至2020年1月在柳州市人民医院眼科住院诊断为眼球钝挫伤合并外伤性晶状体脱位，并行23G微创玻璃体切割联合白内障摘除手术的72例（72眼）患者。根据裂隙灯和超声生物显微镜（UBM）检查，将患者分为晶状体不全脱位组和全脱位组，详细记录2组患者的术中周边视网膜病变情况，并分析其临床特征及疗效。 结果眼球钝挫伤合并外伤性晶状体脱位患者中有周边隐匿性视网膜病变的占72.22%，其中晶状体不全脱位组发生率高达80.95%，显著大于晶状体全脱位组的60.00%（P＜0.05）。2组患者的周边隐匿性视网膜病变均以隐匿性视网膜裂孔、变性和出血为最常见。所有患者术后视网膜情况稳定，视力预后较好。 结论眼球钝挫伤合并外伤性晶状体脱位患者常出现周边隐匿性视网膜病变，最常见的是视网膜裂孔、出血、变性。23G微创玻璃体切割联合白内障摘除手术是有效治疗手段，具有创伤小、并发症少的优势。     

急性乙型肝炎患者pDCs上CD86表达变化及意义

目的 探讨外周血浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDCs)在急性乙型肝炎(AHB）患者临床转归中的变化及作用。方法 纳入2015年6月至2017年5月收治的急性乙型肝炎(AHB组)患者40例， 给予退黄、降酶、保肝等药物，并加用恩替卡韦0．5 mg空腹口服，1次/d。另纳入健康体检者26例为健康对照组（ HC组）。HC组于体检当天、AHB组于治疗前及治疗后6周采集外周静脉全血，采用ELISA法检测2组血浆HBV DNA、HBsAg、HbeAg及肝功能指标水平，并应用流式细胞仪检测pDCs的频数及其功能分子CD86的表达水平。结果 治疗6周后，AHB组临床症状显著缓解，血清学指标和乙型肝炎标志物水平显著下降（P<0.01）。治疗6周后，AHB组HBV DNA转阴率为82.5%，HBsAg清除率为72.5%，HBeAg血清学转换率为75.0%，与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）, HC组pDCs频数显著高于AHB组治疗前。AHB组治疗后CD86+pDCs显著高于治疗前。HC组CD86ABC显著低于AHB组治疗前。结论 在急性乙型肝炎患者外周血pDCs的数量降低。急性乙型肝炎患者在治疗后CD86+pDCs增多。急性乙型肝炎患者pDCs上CD86表达上调。     

High infiltration of mast cells is associated with improved response to adjuvant chemotherapy in gallbladder cancer

Recent studies have reported that tumor‐infiltrating mast cells (TIM) play an important role in tumor regression, but the effect of TIM in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the prognostic value of TIM in GBC patients and its responsiveness to gemcitabine‐based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). A total of 298 GBC patients from Zhongshan Hospital were recruited for this study. TIM infiltration was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Accumulation of TIM is significantly associated with prolonged overall survival in GBC patients. The benefit from gemcitabine‐based ACT was superior among patients with high infiltration of TIM with GBC. Multivariate analysis identified TIM infiltration as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. A heatmap showed that TIM‐activated gene signatures were positively correlated with CD8+ T cells' gene signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that TIM was related to multiple T cell‐related processes and signaling pathways, including the interferon gamma signaling pathway and the leukocyte migration signaling pathway. It was confirmed that CD8+ T cell infiltration was positively correlated with high TIM infiltration in tissue microarray (TMA), suggesting that TIM infiltration was linked to the immune surveillance in GBC. TIM can be used as an independent prognostic factor and a predictor of therapeutic response of gemcitabine‐based ACT in GBC patients, which may mediate immune surveillance by recruiting and activating CD8+ T cells in GBC.     

《仁斋直指方论》“五藏所主”学术思想研究

南宋·杨士瀛《仁斋直指方论》以内科杂病、外科、妇科证治为纲,广撷诸家名方及家传良方,识证施方清晰独到,善于灵活化裁经典名方,是一部颇具影响的临床参考书。书中提出"五藏各有所主,至其病证莫不随所主而见焉",强调五脏所主与天地自然之气相应,外之六气相乘、内之七情相感皆为五脏之邪。五脏所主内涵丰富,内藏神志,上应官窍,外应肢体。五脏病证以五脏所主、虚实、阴阳为纲辨治,脏病属阴,腑病属阳,贼风客邪阳受之,饮食居室阴受之,复杂病证以病证表现、脉象特点细加辨别。诊察五脏之脉、五脏之色,可判明脏气郁畅、四时平贼、形气逆顺,诊察脉形、脉位以辨别病所、病性,亦需圆机活法,诊视相参;证治尤重五脏所主、五脏相关,依脏气虚实而补泻,依六气标本而调治,依火、湿、热、痰而祛邪,依脏腑相关而主次论治。     

PDCA循环在住院患者腕带佩戴管理持续改进中的应用

目的：通过比较PDCA循环在住院患者腕带佩戴管理应用中的前后效果，探讨PDCA循环在住院患者腕带佩戴管理中的应用价值。方法：遵照PDCA循环理论，制定问题改进计划，分析原因、制定查检表找出真因，讨论护理问题，制定对策并实施，及时检查改进效果并分析评价，对存在的问题再找原因、制定对策及评价分析等闭环管理，使护理质量得到持续改进。结果：经过4个月的持续改进住院患者腕带佩戴率由70% 逐步上升至80%、92%、98%、100%，达到预期效果。结论：PDCA循环有助于住院患者腕带佩戴管理的持续改进。